Prabakaran Ponraj

Prabakaran Ponraj

Computational biologist enabling AI-driven therapeutics

Biography

I hold a Ph.D. in Physics (X-ray Crystallography) from Bharathidasan University, India, and completed postdoctoral training in Bioinformatics at RIKEN (Japan) and in Structural and Computational Biology at NIH (USA). I currently work as Associate Director, Computational Biology & Bioinformatics at the Institute for Protein Innovation (IPI) in Boston.
My present work focuses on computational antibody discovery and protein engineering using AI, bioinformatics, and open-science collaboration. I develop integrative tools, lead scientific strategy, and help advance innovation in protein science. Before joining IPI, I worked at Sanofi, Precigen, Leidos and Duke University. My computational work led to a patented CD4-based HIV inhibitor that reached Phase I clinical trials and patented HBV/HPV vaccine technologies.
I have published over 70 papers, including research articles, reviews, and book chapters, and serve on the Editorial Boards of Frontiers in Immunology and Antibodies. My research work has produced several landmark contributions, including solving the first X-ray structure of a SARS-CoV antibody complex (PDB 2DD8), performing NGS-based immune repertoire analyses across diverse populations, and building computational pipelines and big-data frameworks for biologics discovery. I am honored to have received the Sanofi "We R Hope" Award and the NIH Technology Transfer Award.
I am passionate about bridging AI, protein science, and immunology to accelerate the discovery and design of next-generation biologics.
70+ Publications & Patents
4,750+ Citations
h-33 h-index
📄

Featured in Nature

My correspondence article discusses how next-generation sequencing technology may challenge antibody patent claims, sparking important discussions about intellectual property in the antibody discovery landscape.

Read in Nature →

Education

Postdoctoral Fellow (Structural and Computational Biology)
NCI-NIH, USA
Postdoctoral & STA Fellow (Bioinformatics)
RIKEN, Japan
PhD in Physics (X-ray Crystallography)
Bharathidasan University, India
Post Graduate Diploma, Computer Science
Bharathidasan University, India

Skills

  • AI/ML & Deep Learning
  • Generative Models (GANs, VAEs, Diffusion)
  • Protein Language Models
  • Antibody Discovery & Engineering
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • NGS Analysis
  • Bioinformatics
  • Protein Folding & Design
  • Therapeutic Protein Development

Publications (Selected from 70+)

Bioinformatic Analyses of Antibody Repertoires and Their Roles in Modern Antibody Drug Discovery

Book chapter describes how next generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence are advancing modern antibody drug discovery by enabling comprehensive repertoire analysis and accelerating the identification of diverse therapeutic antibodies. Biopharmaceutical Informatics Learning to Discover Developable Biotherapeutics, Taylor & Francis (2025)

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Conserved heavy/light contacts and germline preferences revealed by a large-scale analysis of natively paired human antibody sequences and structural data

Study presents PairedAbNGS, the largest database of naturally paired human antibody sequences, revealing conserved heavy–light chain contacts and germline pairing preferences that inform safer and more effective therapeutic antibody design. Communications Biology (2025)

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Unveiling inverted D genes and D-D fusions in human antibody repertoires unlocks novel antibody diversity

Study reveals unexpected bidirectional D gene recombination in antibody repertoires, identifying inverted D genes and diverse D-D fusions that expand understanding of antibody diversity generation and potential therapeutic applications. Communications Biology (2025)

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Honing-in antigen-specific cells during antibody discovery: a user-friendly process to mine a deeper repertoire

Study demonstrates a high-efficiency antigen-specific B-cell purification method that increases antibody discovery hit rates to 51–88%, preserves cognate pairing, enhances functional diversity, and streamlines discovery by enriching rare, desirable clones in the repertoire. Communications Biology (2022)

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Animal immunization merges with innovative technologies: A new paradigm shift in antibody discovery

Perspective highlights how integrating animal immunization with advanced technologies, including single B cell isolation, microfluidics, next generation sequencing, and machine learning, is redefining antibody discovery and accelerating the creation of next generation monoclonal antibodies. mAbs (2021)

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Landscape of Non-canonical Cysteines in Human VH Repertoire Revealed by Immunogenetic Analysis

Study reveals strategic incorporation of non-canonical cysteines in human antibody repertoires, uncovering disulfide-stabilized motifs in VH regions that expand paratope diversity and could enable design of antibodies targeting difficult epitopes with enhanced developability. Cell Reports (2020)

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Editorial: Next-Generation Sequencing of Human Antibody Repertoires for Exploring B-cell Landscape, Antibody Discovery and Vaccine Development

This editorial introduces 17 high-quality research papers published in the Research Topic which summarize recent developments and applications within the context of NGS analysis of human antibody repertoires, through a combination of Original Research, Methodology, and Review articles. Frontiers in Immunology (2020)

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Mapping of a Novel H3-Specific Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Hemagglutinin Globular Head

Study identifies a broadly neutralizing human antibody, C585, that targets a novel conserved epitope on the H3 hemagglutinin head, providing structural insights for designing next generation universal influenza vaccines. Journal of Virology (2020)

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Human Antibody Structure and Function

Book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of human antibody structure and function, detailing the immunogenetic and structural principles that guide therapeutic antibody design, engineering, and the development of diverse antibody formats. Protein Therapeutics, Wiley VCH (2017)

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A systems approach to HIV-1 vaccines

News & Views article in Nature Biotechnology discusses how a systems-level understanding of immune responses can accelerate the development of effective HIV-1 vaccines. Nature Biotechnology (2016)

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Antibody Aggregation: Insights from Sequence and Structure

Review explores how antibody sequence and structural features influence aggregation propensity, highlighting mechanisms of instability and strategies to improve the developability and stability of monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates. Antibodies (2016)

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Junctional and allele-specific residues are critical for MERS-CoV neutralization by an exceptionally potent germline-like antibody

Study reveals that junctional and allele-specific residues are key to the exceptional potency of the near-germline antibody m336 in neutralizing MERS-CoV, providing structural insights for vaccine and therapeutic antibody design. Nature Communications (2015)

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Expressed antibody repertoires in human cord blood cells: 454 sequencing and IMGT/HighV-QUEST analysis

Study characterizes human cord blood antibody repertoires using 454 sequencing and IMGT analysis, revealing diverse V-D-J rearrangements and VHCDR3 lengths comparable to adults but with distinct gene usage patterns and fewer somatic mutations. Immunogenetics (2011)

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Potent human monoclonal antibodies against SARS CoV, Nipah and Hendra viruses

Review summarizes the discovery and structural characterization of potent human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV, Hendra, and Nipah viruses, highlighting their neutralization mechanisms and therapeutic potential against emerging viral diseases. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy (2009)

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Germline-like predecessors of broadly neutralizing antibodies lack measurable binding to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins

Study shows that germline-like precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies fail to bind HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, suggesting a viral evasion strategy that limits immune activation and informing new approaches for vaccine immunogen design. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2009)

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Structure of an isolated unglycosylated antibody CH2 domain

Study reports the crystal structure of an isolated unglycosylated human antibody CH2 domain, revealing its monomeric nature, structural similarity to intact Fc regions, and potential as a stable scaffold for antibody engineering and therapeutic design. Acta Crystallographica D (2008)

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Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies

Study identifies human monoclonal antibodies m396 and S230.15 that potently neutralize diverse SARS-CoV isolates by blocking ACE2 binding, providing broad protection across epidemic and zoonotic strains and informing therapeutic antibody development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2007)

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Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor-binding Domain Complexed with Neutralizing Antibody

Study defines the crystal structure of a potent cross-reactive SARS-CoV neutralizing antibody (m396) bound to the spike RBD, revealing key ACE2-competing epitope features and providing structural insights for therapeutic and vaccine design against coronavirus infection. Journal of Biological Chemistry (2006)

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Structural Mimicry of CD4 by a Cross-reactive HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody with CDR-H2 and H3 Containing Unique Motifs

Study reveals the crystal structure of the HIV-1 neutralizing antibody m18, showing structural mimicry of CD4 through unique CDR-H2 and H3 motifs that enable broad cross-reactivity and provide a framework for designing CD4-mimetic vaccines and entry inhibitors. Journal of Molecular Biology (2006)

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Classification of Protein-DNA Complexes Based on Structural Descriptors

Study establishes a quantitative classification of protein–DNA complexes using 11 interaction descriptors, revealing seven structural clusters that transcend motif boundaries and uncover general principles governing protein–DNA recognition. Structure (2006)

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Contact

Email

praba.ponraj@gmail.com

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